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BooksBook with one authorExampleChang, J. (1991). Wild swans: Three daughters of China (2nd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. Parts of citationName of author. (Year of publication). Title (Edition). City of publication: Name of publisher. APA Manual 4.08 and 4.16 #23 (pp. 224, 248)
Book with an editor or translator (anthology, compilation, bibliography)ExampleMariani, P. (Ed.). (1991). Critical fictions: The politics of imaginative writing. Seattle, WA: Bay Press. Parts of citationName of editor. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title. City of publication: Name of publisher. APA Manual 4.08 and 4.16 #25 (pp. 224, 249)
Book with multiple authorsBook with two authors ExampleStuart, C., & Stuart, T. (1996). Africa's vanishing wildlife. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. Parts of citationAuthor's last name, A. A. & Author's last name, B. B. (Year of publication). Title (Edition). City of publication: Name of publisher. Book with three authors ExampleOliver, O. S., Chiras, D. D., & Reganold, J. P. (1998). Natural resource conservation (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Simon & Schuster. Parts of citationAuthor's last name, A. A., Author's last name, B. B., & Author's last name, C. C. (Year of publication). Title (Edition). City of publication: Name of publisher. Book with more than six authors List the first six authors, and then use "et al." for remaining authors. Parts of citationAuthor's last name, A.A., Author's last name, B. B., Author's last name, C. C., Author's last name, D. D., Author's last name, E. E., Author's last name, F. F., et al. (Year of publication). Title (Edition). City of publication: Name of publisher. APA Manual 4.08 and 4.16B (pp. 224, 248)
Book with no author or editorAlphabetize sources with no author or editor by first significant word in title. ExampleThe American heritage dictionary of the English language (3rd ed.). (1992). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Parts of citationTitle (Edition). (Year of publication). City of publication: Name of publisher. APA Manual 4.16 #26 (p. 249)
Dictionary entry or encyclopedia articleEntry or article with author ExampleFord-Martin, P. A. (1999). Depressive disorders. In The Gale encyclopedia of medicine (Vol. 2, pp. 924-928). Detroit, MI: Gale. Parts of citationName of author. (Year of publication). Title of entry. In Name of encyclopedia. (Edition number, Volume number, page range). City of publication: Name of publisher. Entry or article with no author ExamplePuma. (1997). In New encyclopedia Britannica (15th ed., Vol. 9, p. 796). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica. Parts of citationTitle of entry. (Year of publication). In Name of encyclopedia. (Edition number, Volume number, page range). City of publication: Name of publisher. APA Manual 4.16 #30 and 4.16 #38 (p. 250, 254)
Article or chapter in an edited bookExampleRoss, M. (1997). The death penalty is too expensive. In P. A. Winters (Ed.), The death penalty: Opposing viewpoints (pp. 134-138). San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. Parts of citationName of author of article. (Year of publication). Title of article. In Name of editor (Ed.), Title of book (page range of article). City of book publication: Name of publisher. APA Manual 4.10, 4.13, 4.16 B#34 (pp. 226, 229, 252)
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PeriodicalsJournal articleJournal with continuous pagination ExamplesDierker, L. C., Avenevoli, S., Stolar, M., & Merikangas, K. R. (2002). Smoking and depression: An examination of mechanisms of comorbidity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 947-954. Smith, M. (1999). To speak of trees: Social constructivism, environmental values, and the future of deep ecology. Environmental Ethics, 21, 359-376. Parts of citationName of author. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of journal, volume number, page range. Journal with non-continuous pagination ExampleFrank, T. H. (1995). The interpretation of limits: Doctors and novelists in the fiction of Philip Roth. Journal of Popular Culture, 8(4), 67-80. Parts of citationName of author. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of journal, volume number(issue number), page range. APA Manual 4.16 A#1-4 (pp.239-240)
Newspaper articleExampleGoldberg, C. (2000, February 26). Big gap in screening U.S. infants for hereditary ills. The New York Times, p. A1. Meyerson, H. (2002, May 11). Early outs will cut DNR to the bone. The Grand Rapids Press, pp. D1, D5. Parts of citationName of author. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of newspaper, page range. APA Manual 4.16 B#9-11 (pp. 242-243)
Magazine articleExamplesConway, G. (2000, January/February). Feeding the world in the 21st century. Environment, 42, 8-18. Magnets that move moods: New treatment for depression. (2002, June 24). Newsweek, 129, 57. Parts of citationName of author. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of magazine, volume number, page range. APA Manual 4.16 A#6 (p. 241)
Article with no authorAlphabetize sources with no author or editor by the first significant word in the title. Example"Ivory Crackdown." (2004, March 27). New Scientist, 181, 4. Parts of citationTitle of article. (Date of publication). Title of magazine, volume number, page range. APA Manual 4.16 #26 (p. 249)
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Legal DocumentsFor further information about citing legal documents, APA suggests using The Blue Book: A Uniform System of Citation --- LCC Library Reference KF 245 .B58 2005 Michigan law (Michigan Compiled Laws Annotated)ExampleSafe Drinking Water Act. Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. §325.1007 (West 1999). Parts of citationTitle of the act. MCLA abbreviated title. Section number. (Publisher year). APA Manual Appendix D.04 (p. 404); The Bluebook Rule 12.3.1; Table 1 (p. 215)
Michigan Supreme Court caseExamplePeople v. Davis, 472 Mich. 156 (2005). Parts of citationFirst party v. Second party, Volume number Michigan Reports abbreviated title First page of case (year case decided). APA Manual Appendix D.03 (p. 399); The Bluebook Rule 10; Table 1 (p. 215)
Michigan Court of Appeals caseExampleTuggle v. Department of State Police, 269 Mich App 657 (2005). Parts of citationFirst party v. Second party, Volume number Michigan Appeals Reports abbreviation First page of case (year case decided). APA Manual Appendix D.03 (p. 397); The Bluebook Rule 10; Table 1 (p. 215)
Federal law (original version, as passed)ExampleFair Credit and Charge Card Disclosure Act of 1988. Pub. L. 100-583. 3 Nov. 1988. Stat. 102.2960. Parts of citationTitle of the law. Public law number. Date enacted. Statutes at Large cataloging number. APA Manual Appendix D.04 (p. 404); The Bluebook Rule 12.3.1
Federal Court caseExampleUnited States Department of Defense v. Federal Labor Relations Authority. No 92-1223. Supreme Ct. of the US. 23 February 1994. Parts of citationTitle of case. Number of the case. Name of court that decided the case. Date of decision. APA Manual Appendix D.03 (p. 399); The Bluebook Rule 10
Examples are based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, fifth edition, and assistance provided by APA editorial staff. When available, APA rule numbers are referenced from: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Ref BF 76.7 .P83 2001 (TLC second floor) |
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