TV program
TV program or series
Example
Rakieten, E. (Executive Producer). (2006, November 21).
The Oprah Winfrey show [Television series]. Chicago: Harpo Productions.
Parts of citation
Name of originator or primary producer. (Function of originator
or primary producer). (Date of broadcast).
Name of television program or series. [Television broadcast or television
series]. City where distributor located: Name of distributor.
TV series episode
Example
Nawaz, Z. (Writer) & Kennedy, M. (Director). (2007, February).
The barrier. [Television series episode]. In S. Flanders (Producer), Little
mosque on the prairie Toronto, Canada: CBC.
Parts of citation
Name of writer (Writer) & Name of director (Director). (Date of
broadcast). Title of episode. [Television series episode]. In Name of producer
(Producer), Name of television series. City where distributor located:
Name of distributor.
APA Manual 4.16 #66-68 (p. 267)
Radio program
Example
Smiley, T. (Host). (2004, July 1). Tavis Smiley. [Radio
broadcast]. East Lansing, MI: WKAR.
Parts of citation
Name of originator or primary producer. (Function of originator
or primary producer). (Date of broadcast).
Name of radio program. [Radio broadcast]. City where distributor located:
Name of distributor.
APA Manual 4.16 #66 (p. 267)
Interview on TV or radio program
President George W. Bush was interviewed in the episode of
Newshour with Jim Lehrer
listed below. However, you do not need to mention the interview in your
citation, just cite the episode. Then, in the text of your paper, you can
mention that the interview occurred during this episode.
Example
Lehrer, J. (Host). (2007, January 16). Newshour with Jim
Lehrer. [Television broadcast]. Washington, DC: PBS.
Parts of citation
Name of originator or primary producer. (Function of originator
or primary producer). (Date of broadcast).
Name of television program or series. [Television broadcast or Television
series]. City where distributor located: Name of distributor.
APA Manual 4.16 #66 (p. 267)
Interview
In-person, telephone, and email interviews which have not been
archived are not considered recoverable data and therefore are not included in a
references list. However, you will want to include relevant information in your
in-text reference.
APA Manual 3.102 (p. 214)
DVD, film or video recording
Example
Arledge, B. (Writer/Producer). (1999). Surviving aids
[Videotape]. South Burlington, VT: WGBH Boston Video.
Parts of citation
Name or originator or primary producer. (Function of originator
or primary producer). (Year of release). Title of work [Motion picture,
DVD, or Videotape]. Country of origin: Name of studio
APA Manual 4.16 #65 (p. 266)
Compact disc
CD sound recording
Example
Gilliam, J. (Author/Speaker). (2000). How to handle difficult
people [CD]. Carol Stream, IL: Oasis Audio.
Parts of citation
Name of originators or primary contributors. (Function of
originators or primary contributors). (Year of release).
Title of recording [CD]. City where distributor located: Name of
distributor.
CD no sound - non periodical
Example
Choices [Compact disc]. (2006). Oroville, WA: Bridges
Transitions.
Parts of citation
Title of CD [Compact disc]. (Year of publication). Place
of publication: Name of CD publisher.
APA Manual 4.16 #69-70 (p. 268)
Audiocassette
Example
Christie, J. (Speaker). (1996). Sense and sensibility.
[Cassette recording]. New York: Penguin Audiobooks.
Parts of citation
Name of originators or primary contributors. (Function of
originators or primary contributors). (Year of release.) Title of recording.
[Cassette recording]. City where distributor located: Name of distributor.
APA Manual 4.16 #70 (p. 268)
eAudiobook
There is no period at the end of this type of citation.
Example
Bartlett, W. (2006). "God wills it!": Understanding the
Crusades. [eAudiobook]. Retrieved November 10, 2006, from NetLibrary.
(Original work published 2005)
Parts of citation
Name of author. (eAudiobook release date). Title of book [eAudiobook].
Date of access, name of aggregated database. (Original work published date)
APA Manual 4.16 #32 (p. 251) |
List of Database Service URLs
Video game
Do not italicize software titles.
Example
Pokemon Mystery Dungeon: Blue Rescue Team. (2006). [PlayStation
software]. Redmond, WA: Nintendo of America.
Parts of Citation
Author of game. Title of game. (Year of release.) [Medium]. City
where publisher located: Name of publisher.
APA Manual 4.16 #92 (p. 280)
Examples are based on the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association, fifth edition, and assistance provided
by APA editorial staff. When available, APA rule numbers are referenced from:
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Ref BF 76.7
.P83 2001 (TLC second floor)
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